france-algeria(Africa)

Algeria - History(DANIELA)

==Algeria is a country in North Africa. It is the largest country on the Mediterranean sea, the largest on the African continent after sudan and the eleventh largest country in the world.(WIKIPEDIA.COM)==
 * // When Spain ceded Haiti to France in 1795, Haiti became the first French colony. Not much later, in 1830, French began occupying Algeria. Algeria was the favorite colony of France. In 1881 after colonizing several Pacific islands, and an area in Central Africa, France began to control Tunisia. Between 1884 and 1900, France did the bulk of its imperialism in Africa. In 1900, a secret accord between France and Italy gave France control of Morocco.[]. //**



== France's experience in Africa was conditioned by two things. First, France had a longstanding interest in the region bordering the Mediterranean Sea thanks to its own coast line between Italy and Spain, its active role in the Crusades and its incorporation into the Roman Empire. Second, France lost most of its original overseas empire in the Seven Years War (1756-1763) and the Napoleonic Wars (1790s-1815) and it suffered a major setback in its defeat in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1871). Thus, French imperialism was an effort to regain lost power rather than a continuation of previous successes, and its African empire grew out of developments along the North African coast. == ==The French first occupied African soil in Algeria in 1830 while trying to reestablish their authority in the Mediterranean. Since 1684, when Louis XIV ordered the bombardment of Algiers in an effort to retrieve Christian slaves, to the reprisals launched after the Napoleonic Wars against cities along the "Barbary Coast" that supported pirates, the French viewed North Africa as a source of opposition. After peace was restored in 1815, the piracy stopped but relations remained very tense.== ==In 1828 Hussein, the //Dey// of Algiers, struck French consul Pierre Deval with his fly whisk. Deval reported it back to his king as an insult and two years later, Charles X used it as a pretext to invade Algiers. The invasion began on 5 July 1830 and the French quickly occupied the city. That ignited resistance in the Algerian interior and during two wars that were fought between 1832 and 1837, rural Berbers united behind Abd al-Qadir (alternate spelling: Abd el-Kader) to oppose the French.== ==After a third war against al-Qadir's forces failed to defeat him in 1840-1841, the French began to use terror tactics that included the destruction of wells and crops. On two occasions, French military forces pursued al-Qadir into land claimed by Morocco--an independent country--and finally captured him in 1847. To quiet Moroccan protests, France signed the Treaty of Tangier on September 10, 1844 which provided French recognition of Moroccan independence and promises not to invade Morocco again.== ==Berber uprisings continued in central Algeria until 1873 when the French occupied the strategically-located oasis of El Golea, 540 miles south of Algiers. Resistance continued deeper in the desert and in 1880-1881, the nomadic Tuaregs wiped out an expedition led by the French Colonel Paul Flatters as it tried to survey a railroad route acress the Sahara Desert. Resistance continued in the desert until 1932 when the use of airplanes, radios and trucks made it possible to locate and pursue nomads. [NOTE: Resistance by desert dwellers against outsiders flared up occasionally after that, and led to guerilla warfare against the independent governments of Algeria, Mali, Mauritania and Niger as recently as 2003.(GOOGLE.COM)==

=IMPERIALISM EFFETS:=




 * // The effects of French North Africa were both profound and extremely long-lasting. These effects mainly pertanied to society and economics. The imperialists got their main profit from the colonies by digging mines, setting up plantations, and building factories. They also hired Africans to work for little more than nothing and imposed taxes that were to be payed in cash. Men were sometimes held in dormitories away from their families and diciplined severely. Africans were encouraged to wear European clothes and read their books. They were taught that the European way to do things was the best. Schools taught students to reject African customs and traditions. Many traditions disappeared forever and some entire villages fell apart. Many families also separated because of this imperialism. //**